Active & Passive Voice

Kelompok 2:

-          Hanifa Ramadhani      (24214757)

-          Hanifah Muhana         (24214762)

-          Kevin Agam P            (25214820)

Active Voice

A.           SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Membicarakan present time. Digunakan untuk facts, general truth dan habitual actions.

Pattern   :

(+)			S	+	(is/am/are)			+	N/Adj/Adv
(-)			S	+	(is/am/are)	+	not	+	N/Adj/Adv
(?)	(is/am/are)	+	S					+	N/Adj/Adv?

Ex          : The weather is bright

(+)			S				VI/Vs/es	+	Complement
(-)			S	+	Do/Does	+	VI	+	C
(?)	Do/Does	+	S				VI	+	C?

Ex          : Fatimah likes roses very much

Note       :

·      Simple present tense tidak benar-benar menggambarkan present actions, melainkan suatu yang permanent atau habitual

·      Time marker yang biasa digunakan ialah : seldom, usually, always, never, often, sometimes, rarely, every …, once/twice/… a day/ in a week/ a month/ a year/ …,etc.

B.            PRESENT COUNTINUOUS TENSE

Membicarakan actions yang sedang berlangsung.

(+)			S	+	(is/am/are)		Ving	+	C
(-)			S	+	(is/am/are)+not	+	Ving	+	C
(?)	(is/am/are)	+	S				Ving	+	C?

Ex          : The children are playing in the field right now

Note       :

·      Time marker yang digunakan bias any aadalah now, right now, today, at this moment/ week/ month/ year/ …,etc.

C.                 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Membicarakan action yang telah terjadi atau selesai, tanpa mementingkan kapan waktu dimulainya. Yang jelas, pada saat berbicara, action itu (sudah) selesai.

(+)			S	+	Have/Has		VIII	+	C
(-)			S	+	Have/Has +not	+	VIII	+	C
(?)	Have/Has	+	S				VIII	+	C?

          Ex          : They have lived here since 1900

Note       :

·         Time marker yang digunakan biasanya adalah just, already, yet.

D.                PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Membicarakan action yang (sudah) dimulai (pada waktu lampau) dan masih tetap berlangsung sampai sekarang.

(+)			S	+	Have/Has		Been	+	Ving	+	C
(-)			S	+	Have/Has +not	+	Been	+	Ving	+	C
(?)	Have/Has	+	S				Been	+	Ving	+	C?

Ex          : I have been living here since 1990

Note       :

·         Time marker yang digunakan biasanya adalah since…, for…, recently, lately, so far, up to now, up to present, all the time/day/week…

E.                 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Membicarakan action yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di waktu lampau.

(+)			S	+	Was/were			+	N/Adj/Adv
(-)			S	+	Was/were	+	not	+	N/Adj/Adv
(?)	Was/were	+	S					+	N/Adj/Adv?

Ex          : He was a teacher

(+)			S			+	VII	+	Complement
(-)			S	+	Did	+	VI	+	C
(?)	Did	+	S	+		+	VI	+	C?

Ex          : He came to my house last night

Note       :

·         Time marker yang digunakan biasanya adalah yesterday last …, … ago, one day, in …(waktulampau), oce upon a time.

F.                 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Membicarakan suatu action yang sedang berlangsung bersamaan dengan action lain yang sedang berlangsung/ sedang berlangsung pada lampau

(+)			S	+	Was/were		Ving	+	C
(-)			S	+	Was/were+not	+	Ving	+	C
(?)	Was/were	+	S				Ving	+	C?

Ex          : - When I arrived, she was sleeping

-  While he was reading a newspaper, his wife came home.

-  Ali was studying English and Umar was sitting near him

Note       :

·      While umumnya diikuti oleh bentuk “continuous”

·      When umumnya diikuti oleh bentuk “simple”

·      Pada past continuous umumnya ada dua kejadian di waktu lampau.

·      Time expressions yang umum : when, while.

G.           PAST PERFECT TENSE

Membicarakan suatu action yang sudah selesai/terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu atau action lain di waktu lampau.

(+)			S	+	Had	+	VIII	+	C
(-)			S	+	Had +not	+	VIII	+	C
(?)	Had	+	S			+	VIII	+	C?

Ex          : He had livedfinished his homework before I came

Note       :

·         Time marker yang digunakan biasanya adalah by the time, before, after, when, by…

H.           PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Membicarakan action mulai berlangsung di waktu lampau dan masih tetap berlangsung pada waktu tertentu atau pada saat kejadian lain terjadi di waktu lampau.

(+)			S	+	Had		Been	+	Ving	+	C
(-)			S	+	Had +not	+	Been	+	Ving	+	C
(?)	Had	+	S				Been	+	Ving	+	C?

Ex          : I had been studying for 2 hours when I heard the summon of Magrib

Note       :

·         Time marker yang digunakan biasanya adalah by the time, before, after, when, by…

I.              SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Menyatakan action pada saat tertentu di waktu akan datang

(+)

S

+

Will/Shall (is,Am,Are)

+going to

Been

+

Vi

+

C

(-)

S

+

Will/Shall+not (is,Am,Are)

+

+going to

Been

+

Vi

+

C

(?)

Will/Shall (is,Am,Are)

+

S

+going to

Been

+

Vi

+

C?

Ex          : I am going to visit you tomorrow.

Note       :

·         Will umum digunakan untuk semua subject

·         Shall umumnya digunakan hanya untuk I dan we

·         Time marker yang digunakan biasanya adalah tomorrow, soon, tonight, …,etc.

J.              FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Membicarakan suatu “action” yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang.

(+)		S	+	Will/Shall		Be	+Ving	C
(-)		S	+	Will/Shall	+not	Be	+Ving	C
(?)	Will	+S				Be	+Ving	C?

a)      I’ll be going out all day tomorrow

b)      Don’t come here tonight. I will be studying by then

c)      They will be discussing the matter this time nest week

NOTE :

o   Future Continuous Tense dapat pula menyatakan suatu rencana yang akan dilaksanakan di waktu akan datang

o   Time Marker yang umum : this time + … (future time), all day + future time

K.           FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

a)    Membicarakan “action” yang sudah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu atau “action” lain terjadi di waktuakan dating

b)   Membicarakan “action” yang mulai berlangsung sebelum waktu tertentu atau “action” lain terjadi di waktu akan dating dan akan masih berlangsung pada saat tersebut.

(+)		S	+Will/Shall (is,Am,Are)		+have	+VIII	C
(-)		S	+Will/Shall    (is,Am,Are)	+not	+have	+VIII	C
(?)	Will/Shall (is,Am,Are)	+S			+have	+VIII	C?

1.             By the end of this year, Ummi will have graduated from SMA.

When Ubay retires, his daughter will have finished her study

2.             By the end of this month, Desy will have have taught English for one year

When Annisa graduates from SMA, her brother will have worked for NF for three years

NOTE :

·                Pada (1) tidak diperlukan for atau since, sedangkan pada (2) diperlukan adanya for atau since

·                Time expresions yang umum : when, by the time, as soon as, by+future time + SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

L.     FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUSE TENSE

Membicarakan “action” yang sudah mulai berlangsung sebelum waktu tertentu atau action lain terjadi di waktu akan dating dan akan masih berlangsung pada saat tertentu.

(+)		S	+Will/Shall (is,Am,Are)		+have	+been	+Ving	C
(-)		S	+Will/Shall    (is,Am,Are)	+not	+have	+been	+Ving	C
(?)	Will/Shall (is,Am,Are)	+S			+have	+been	+Ving	C?

a)      By the end of the year, Chusnul will have been studying English for 3 years

b)      When he arrives, ida will have been working for this foundation for ten years.

NOTE :

·         Pada Future Perfect Tense ini umumnya selalu menggunakan for atau since

·         Time Expresions yang umum: samaseperti future perfect tense 

Passive Voice

            Passive voice adalah suatu pola kalimat yang menjelaskan posisi subjek yang dikenai tindakan/perbuatan oleh objek. Pola kalimat ini lebih menitikberatkan kepada tindakan/perbuatannya dari pada oleh siapa atau oleh ada tindakan atau perbuatan itu dilakukan.

	BENTUK AKTIF	BENTUK PASIF
1.      Present Simple	V1 Contoh: My mother waters the plants every day	(be)2 + V3 Contoh: The plants are watered by my mother every day
2.      Past Simple	V2 Contoh: The government built the bridge last year	(be)2 + V3 Contoh: The bridge was built by the goverment last year
3.      Present Continuous	Ving Contoh: They are painting the building	(be)ing + V3 Contoh: The building is being painted
4.      Past Continuous	Ving Contoh: They were painting the wall when we came	(be)ing + V3 Contoh: The wall was being painted when we came
5.      Present Perfect	V3 Contoh: Someone has stolen her wallet	(be)3 + V3 Contoh: Her wallet has been stolen
6.      Past Perfect	V3 Contoh: They had sent the box before we checked it	(be)3 + V3 Contoh: The box had been sent before we checked it
7.      Future Simple	Vinf Contoh: Nurul fikri will build a new building	(be)inf + V3 Contoh: A new building will be built by Nurul Fikri
8.      Future Perfect	V3 Contoh: They will have done this excercise by five	(be)3 + V3 Contoh: This excercise will have been done by five
9.      Past Future	Vinf Contoh: They would clean the car if we wanted to	(be)inf + V3 Contoh: The car would be cleaned if we wanted to
10.  Past Future Perfect	V3 Contoh: I should have mailed the letters early	(be)3 + V3 Contoh: The letters should have been mailed earlier
11.  Modal Verbs (will, can, must, etc)	Vinf Contoh: I must clean the room I will clean the room	(be)inf + V3 Contoh: The room must be cleaned The room will be cleaned